The exhibition traveled to San Jose, California, and Japan. San Francisco had an active Xerox arts scene that started in 1976 at the LaMamelle gallery with the All Xerox exhibit and in 1980 the International Copy Art Exhibition, curated and organized by Ginny Lloyd, was also held at LaMamelle gallery. Hill's resulting xerox artwork was exhibited at Centre Pompidou, Paris, the Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, and the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, among other venues in Europe and the US. In the mid-1970s Pati Hill did art experiments with an IBM copier. Bruno Munari ( Xerografie series, begun in 1963).Alighiero Boetti ( Nove Xerox AnneMarie, 1969).Harris, Tyler Moore, the Copyart Collective of Camden, as well as: Other artists who have made significant use of the machines include: Carol Key, Sarah Willis, Joseph D. ![]() Artists as various as Ian Burn (a conceptual/process artist who made another Xerox Book in 1968), Laurie-Rae Chamberlain (a punk-inspired colour Xeroxer exhibiting in the mid 1970s) and Helen Chadwick (a feminist artist using her own body as subject matter in the 1980s) have employed photocopiers for very different purposes. Ĭopy artists' dependence upon the same machines does not mean that they share a common style or aesthetic. Seth Siegelaub and Jack Wendler made Untitled ( Xerox Book) with artists Carl Andre, Robert Barry, Douglas Huebler, Joseph Kosuth, Sol LeWitt, Robert Morris, and Lawrence Weiner in 1968. Nesbitt worked closely with Anibal Ambert and Merle English at Xerox Corporation, and the company sponsored her art research from 1970 until 1972. She invent three xerography techniques, named transcapsa, photo-transcapsa, and chromacapsa. In the 1960s and 1970s, Esta Nesbitt was one of the earliest artists experimenting with xerox art. Sonia Landy Sheridan began teaching the first course in the use of copiers at the Art Institute of Chicago in 1970. Berman was influenced by his San Francisco Beat circle and by Surrealism, Dada, and the Kabbalah. Berman, called the "father" of assemblage art, would use a Verifax photocopy machine (Kodak) to make copies of the images, which he would often juxtapose in a grid format. ![]() ![]() Charles Arnold, Jr., an instructor at Rochester Institute of Technology, made the first photocopies with artistic intent in 1961 using a large Xerox camera on an experimental basis. The first artists recognized to make copy art are Charles Arnold, Jr., and Wallace Berman. ģD color copy art by Ginny Lloyd Early history 1960s–1970s Publishing collaborative mail art in small editions of Xerox art and mailable book art was the purpose of International Society of Copier Artists (I.S.C.A.) founded by Louise Odes Neaderland. It is often used in collage, mail art and book art. Xerox art appeared shortly after the first Xerox copying machines were made. Each machine also creates different effects. Basic techniques include: Direct Imaging, the copying of items placed on the platen (normal copy) Still Life Collage, a variation of direct imaging with items placed on the platen in a collage format focused on what is in the foreground/background Overprinting, the technique of constructing layers of information, one over the previous, by printing onto the same sheet of paper more than once Copy Overlay, a technique of working with or interfering in the color separation mechanism of a color copier Colorizing, vary color density and hue by adjusting the exposure and color balance controls Degeneration is a copy of a copy degrading the image as successive copies are made Copy Motion, the creation of effects by moving an item or image on the platen during the scanning process. Often, with proper manipulation, rather ghostly images can be made. The curvature of the object, the amount of light that reaches the image surface, and the distance of the cover from the glass, all affect the final image. If the object is not flat, or the cover does not totally cover the object, or the object is moved, the resulting image is distorted in some way. ![]() Prints are created by putting objects on the glass, or platen, of a copying machine and by pressing "start" to produce an image. Xerox art (sometimes, more generically, called copy art, electrostatic art, scanography or xerography) is an art form that began in the 1960s.
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